Lung Cancer

Hello everybody, this study consists of 12 slides which falls within the required parameters and should be no more than 1.6 minutes per slide. Please add visual aids with your work. I did not see where speaker notes are required. Each highlighted section below is a slide with generalized information only. Please choose your slides. 3 slides per student. 3×4=12 slides.
Case Study: Lung Cancer
Overview of Diagnosis:
Diagnosis and patient information: slide 1 (MY SLIDE)
• Mr. Johnson, a 62-year-old male with a 40-pack-year smoking history.
• Chief complaint: Persistent cough, dyspnea, and unintended weight loss.
• Clinical suspicion of lung cancer led to imaging studies (chest X-ray, CT/PET scan) and biopsy confirmation.
• Dx’d c Stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mediastinal lymph node involvement.
Risk Factors: slide 2 (MY SLIDE)
• Smoking: Strong association with lung cancer, especially NSCLC.
• Age: 62
• Environmental exposure: Occupational exposure to asbestos and secondhand smoke.
Pathogenesis and Adaptation: slide 3 (MY SLIDE)
• Smoking-related DNA damage: Carcinogens in tobacco smoke lead to mutations in key genes (e.g., TP53, KRAS), disrupting cellular regulation and promoting uncontrolled growth.
• Inflammation and fibrosis: Chronic exposure to irritants induces inflammation, contributing to tissue damage and fibrosis.
• Immune evasion: Tumor cells adapt by evading immune surveillance through mechanisms like programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression.

Pathophysiology/Symptomology Over Time: slide 4
• Initial Stages:
o Asymptomatic or mild symptoms (persistent cough, fatigue).
o Local invasion of bronchial structures, causing airway obstruction.
• Advanced Stages:
o Dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, and weight loss.
o Metastasis to regional lymph nodes and distant organs.
Diagnostic Studies (feel free to add more): slide 5
• Chest X-ray:
o Initial screening tool revealing a suspicious mass, atelectasis, or pleural effusion.
• Chest CT/PET Scan:
o Provides detailed images of tumor size, location, and involvement of adjacent structures.
o Identifies metastatic lesions and lymph node enlargement.
• Biopsy:
o Histopathological examination of a bronchoscopic or CT-guided biopsy confirms NSCLC.

Underlying Pathophysiology: slide 6
• Tumor Microenvironment:
o Increased angiogenesis supports tumor growth.
o Immune system suppression within the tumor microenvironment.
• Invasion and Metastasis:
o Altered cell adhesion and migration facilitate invasion into adjacent tissues and metastasis.
Treatments and Outcomes: slide 7
• Surgery (Stage I-III):
o Lobectomy or pneumonectomy aims to remove the tumor and affected lung tissue.
• Chemotherapy and Radiation (Stage III-IV):
o Adjuvant therapy targets residual cancer cells and manages metastatic disease.
• Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy:
o EGFR inhibitors (e.g., osimertinib) for tumors with specific mutations.
o Immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., nivolumab) enhance the immune response.
Pathophysiologic Alterations: slide 8
• Surgery and adjuvant therapies aim to disrupt cancer cell growth, induce apoptosis, and control metastasis.
• Targeted therapy and immunotherapy specifically target molecular pathways, minimizing damage to healthy cells.

Outcomes: slide 9
• Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment may result in improved survival rates.
• Response to treatment varies based on tumor characteristics and patient factors.
• Monitoring for recurrence and managing treatment-related side effects are crucial for long-term outcomes.

END OF STUDY

I think the following should be incorporated into the study.
• Health Education slide 10
• Nutrition Counseling for Health Promotion slide 11
• Exercise slide 12

IMPORTANT CASE STUDY GUIDANCE FROM D2L (I think numbers 1 through 5 below are crucial)

1. Give an overview of the patient with the presumptive diagnosis*. You can “create” a patient case based on your knowledge of the diagnosis, based on a patient you have seen in your work or personal experience.
2. Give an overview of the diagnosis including risk factors and how they cause or contribute to adaptation or pathogenesis.
3. Give an in-depth discussion of the pathophysiology of your diagnosis as it occurs over time; include signs, symptoms, diagnostic studies and the underlying pathophysiologic process causing these signs and symptoms. Support this pathophysiology with high level Evidence.
4. Summarize treatments and outcomes in terms of pathophysiologic
   alterations.
5. Once you have had an in-depth discussion of your diagnosis overall, be sure to connect your case discussion back to the patient you have presented. Example, if your patient has HTN and DM, be sure to include a discussion of the symptoms that your patient is exhibiting and discuss treatments specifically aimed for your patient.
6. Support your case discussion with current (in the past 5 years) high level evidence. Patient information portals, disease association websites and other resources such as Up-to-date, Epocrates, Medscape, Mayo Clinic are not considered high levels of evidence and should be avoided for your presentations. While use of the course textbooks is permitted, a minimum of 3 high level citations outside of the course texts is required. If you are unclear about what is considered high level evidence, please review content from your Evidence Based Nursing Practice Course
7. Include some graphics to support your presentation and to make it more visually engaging
8. The discussion of the case progression and pathophysiology is typically 10 -15 slides (including title and reference slides), and 15-20 minutes in length. APA formatting for your presentation is required.
9. A group peer evaluation is also required from EACH group member for ALL 4 presentations. These are individually submitted each week in a Dropbox titled “Group Peer Evaluation”.