Research Questions

In 2019, Dippin’ Dots had yet another flavor addition to its roster—Cool Mint Crunch. Dippin’ Dots has produced and distributed its tiny flash-frozen beads of ice cream, yogurt, sherbet, and flavored-ice products since microbiologist Curt Jones invented the cryogenic ice cream process in 1988. Available in many tastes and types—Original Dots, Dots ‘n Cream, Coffee, …

Future of the Company Read More »

Several pathogenic processes are thought to be involved in COPD development and progression, including local and systemic oxidative stress (i.e., oxidants in excess compared with antioxidant capacity) and inflammation (neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, cytokines, chemokines, eicosanoids, Toll-like receptors, acute phase proteins), Pro catabolic status, protease/antiprotease imbalance, alteration of immune responses and cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular …

Pathophysiological Aspects in COPD Read More »

The methodological approaches used and the specific challenges of nutrition research should be taken into consideration when evaluating single study findings and, most importantly, their potential contribution to evidence-based recommendations. Apart from a few randomized intervention trials, most of the available evidence on the impact of diet on outcomes, such as lung function (FEV1, FVC, …

Epidemiological Studies on Diet and Pulmonary Function Read More »

Oxidative stress and associated inflammation in the lung and in the circulation in response to exposure to air pollution, tobacco smoke, infection, or potentially obesity are leading pathogenic processes in COPD. Compared to healthy controls, patients with COPD tend to have increased systemic and airway oxidative damage markers (relative to DNA, lipid, and proteins) [34], …

Oxidant–Antioxidant Imbalance and Diet Quality in COPD Read More »

6.1. Role of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Foods: Fruits and VegetablesThe dietary quality and the nutritional status of COPD patients as well as the oxidative– inflammatory pathogenic basis of COPD provided the rationale to verify the respiratory effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory dietary components. Consistent epidemiologic evidence from cross-sectional [36,38,48–51] and longitudinal studies [42,52–55] reported potential …

Individual Foods and Nutrients, Lung Function, and COPD Read More »

Dietary patterns have been widely investigated in relation to cancer, CVD or diabetes [12], but limited data are available on their association with respiratory outcomes with relevance to COPD. As shown in a recent meta-analysis [14], most studies were performed in Europe and North America, limiting the generalizability of study findings, and were observational in …

Dietary Patterns, Lung Function and COPD Read More »

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) established the National Cooperative Education Statistics System (Cooperative System) to assist in producing and maintaining comparable and uniform information and data on early childhood, elementary, and secondary education. These data are intended to be useful for policymaking at the federal, state, and local levels. The National Forum on …

National Cooperative Education Statistics System Read More »

The district had heard from one of its larger CBOs, Coalition of Communities of Color, which represents many minority groups, about a desire to ensure that students of color have positive performance outcomes. Also, the district experienced a fairly significant backlash when the federal racial/ethnic groups were changed. The backlash centered especially on breaking out …

A District that Added an Optional Question Read More »

Hawaii is unique in that the state serves as the only school district. Therefore, Hawaii is a state comprising one district, one data system, and one set of policies. The state began disaggregating its racial/ethnic data about 20 years ago. Since that time, many racial/ethnic groups have changed or been broken down into more detail, …

A Historically Racially and Ethnically Diverse State Read More »

Guam’s need to disaggregate student data by ethnic subgroups was prompted both by the reporting requirements of the Compact of Free Association (COFA), and by the need to keep track of the rapidly growing and diversifying student populations in need of appropriate services. One result of the COFA was that citizens from the neighboring islands …

An Outlying Area that Is Part of the Compact of Free Association Read More »